{"id":133,"date":"2025-11-29T15:47:29","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T15:47:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/?p=133"},"modified":"2025-12-05T11:16:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T11:16:19","slug":"moral-education-the-value-of-the-lives-of-great-tit-chicks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/2025\/11\/29\/moral-education-the-value-of-the-lives-of-great-tit-chicks\/","title":{"rendered":"Moral education: the value of the lives of great tit chicks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u9053\u5fb3\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u4fa1\u5024<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2024, I travelled to Joetsu University of Education, which is associated with an elementary school. In this school, I witnessed a class on moral education, delivered by the teacher Ippei Takahashi. It was a lively class that discussed the fate of a nest of great tit chicks who had been raised in a nestbox that the school had made and put up on the campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One night a predator had entered the campus and taken all the chicks out of the nestbox. This caused a great deal of sadness amongst the school children. Ippei Takahashi engaged with the children in a lively discussion about the moral issues raised by the fate of the chicks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following reflections (\u2018part2\u2019) do not aim to replace Ippei\u2019s class, but to complement what he taught. I hope that this may be of some use to those who help children to reflect on these as well as on others issues related to relationships with nonhuman animals. The English text was translated from the English into Japanese by \u5409\u5834\u6e29\u52a0 (Yoshiba Nodoka) from \u540c\u5fd7\u793e\u5927\u5b66 (Doshisha University).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2024\u5e74\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u4e0a\u8d8a\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u5b66\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u4ed8\u5c5e\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u9ad8\u6a4b\u4e00\u5e73\u5148\u751f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9053\u5fb3\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3092\u898b\u5b66\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u306b\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5de3\u7bb1\u3067\u80b2\u3063\u305f\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u904b\u547d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u4ea4\u308f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3042\u308b\u591c\u3001\u6355\u98df\u8005\u304c\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u306b\u4fb5\u5165\u3057\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u304b\u3089\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u3092\u9023\u308c\u53bb\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u60b2\u3057\u307f\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08\u3053\u306e\u51fa\u6765\u4e8b\u3092\u7d4c\u3066\uff09\u9ad8\u6a4b\u4e00\u5e73\u5148\u751f\u306f\u3001\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u904b\u547d\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3057\u305f\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u306a\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u3068\u6d3b\u767a\u306a\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u4ea4\u308f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\uff08\u30d1\u30fc\u30c82\uff09\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u5e73\u5148\u751f\u306e\u6388\u696d\u306b\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u4ee3\u308f\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5148\u751f\u304c\u6559\u3048\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u88dc\u5b8c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u672c\u7a3f\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e8b\u6848\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305a\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306b\u52d5\u7269\u3068\u4eba\u9593\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3055\u305b\u308b\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u3005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5c11\u3057\u3067\u3082\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u9858\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u7ffb\u8a33\u306f\u5409\u5834\u6e29\u52a0\u304c\u62c5\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Moral education: the value of the lives of great tit chicks. Part 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9053\u5fb3\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30c8\uff12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surely, it was a sad fact that the chicks in the nestbox built by the children had been eaten by a predator. For the predator, however, it may have been a joyous experience to eat the chicks. The question that, in my view, should form the core of a class on moral education, is what the children ought or ought not to do in the future. The children seemed to agree with this as their sadness associated with the loss of the chicks may have been caused, at least in part, by the question whether they might have been able to prevent their loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5de3\u7bb1\u3067\u80b2\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30d2\u30ca\u305f\u3061\u304c\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u78ba\u304b\u306b\u60b2\u3057\u3044\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\uff08\u751f\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\uff09\u559c\u3070\u3057\u3044\u7d4c\u9a13\u3060\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u9053\u5fb3\u6559\u80b2\u306e\u6838\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3079\u304d\u554f\u3044\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4eca\u5f8c\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u300d\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u3082\u3053\u306e\u554f\u3044\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u3082\u3001\u30d2\u30ca\u3092\u5931\u3063\u305f\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306e\u60b2\u3057\u307f\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u304c\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u6b7b\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3002\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7591\u554f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadly, these chicks can no longer be saved. Future chicks might be saved, and the question is whether the children ought to try to do so. I can see several possible options here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Children should destroy the nestbox as great tits might be better off making nests in nature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. The nestbox should be kept in place as it is.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. The nestbox should be redesigned so that a predator is less likely to be able to eat the chicks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. The nestbox should be redesigned so that a predator is more likely to be able to eat the chicks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u6b8b\u5ff5\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u305f\u3061\u3092\u3082\u3046\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u305f\u3061\u306f\u6551\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u554f\u3044\u306f\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \uff11\uff0e\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5de3\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u307b\u3046\u304c\u826f\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5de3\u3092\u64a4\u53bb\u3059\u3079\u304d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \uff12\uff0e\u5de3\u7bb1\u306f\u4eca\u306e\u307e\u307e\u3067\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3079\u304d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \uff13\uff0e\u30d2\u30ca\u304c\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306b\u8972\u308f\u308c\u306b\u304f\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u518d\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u3079\u304d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \uff14\uff0e\u6355\u98df\u8005\u304c\u30d2\u30ca\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u518d\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u3079\u304d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The children could explore all these options through class discussion. They might develop arguments for and against each of these four options, before coming to a conclusion. They might then explore the perspective of the teacher in relation to these options. The perspective that follows is that which was developed by Jan Deckers, who observed their first moral lesson about the value of life related to the loss of these chicks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3066\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3082\u3057\u304b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7d50\u8ad6\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u524d\u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\uff14\u3064\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8cdb\u6210\u3068\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3055\u3089\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5148\u751f\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u898b\u89e3\u306f\u3001\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u306b\u3088\u308b\u751f\u547d\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7b2c1\u56de\u76ee\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3092\u898b\u5b66\u3057\u305f\u30e4\u30f3\u30fb\u30c7\u30c3\u30ab\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In relation to the first option, it must be recognised that great tits have been harmed by human activities as human beings have altered the landscape greatly, for example by building houses and roads. Some species may find it hard to adapt to living in a world that has been radically transformed by human beings. Some species may be able to cope better than others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Surely, it is our duty to help those species who struggle through human encroachment on natural places, for the individuals who belong to such species themselves, for the benefits that other animals may gain from there being great tits, and for the value that human beings attach to species conservation. If great tits struggle through the human transformation of landscapes, destroying the nestbox would not seem to be a good option. It might lead to great tits struggling even more. This seems to amount to a \u2018prima facie\u2019 (provisional) case for the second option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u307e\u305a\u3001\uff11\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306f\u3001\u9053\u8def\u3084\u5bb6\u306a\u3069\u3092\u5efa\u8a2d\u3057\u3066\u666f\u89b3\u3092\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u3048\u305f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u82e6\u3057\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u6fc0\u5909\u3055\u305b\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3046\u307e\u304f\u5bfe\u51e6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u306e\u4fb5\u7565\u306b\u82e6\u3057\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7a2e\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u304b\u3089\u6069\u6075\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4ed6\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7a2e\u306e\u4fdd\u5168\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u4eba\u9593\u306b\u3082\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3082\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u304c\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u884c\u3063\u305f\u666f\u89b3\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u82e6\u3057\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u826f\u3044\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3060\u3068\u306f\u601d\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3082\u3057\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306f\u3055\u3089\u306b\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u5de3\u3092\u6b8b\u3059\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c(\u66ab\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001)\u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    However, the third option must also be considered as it might be argued that, whilst great tits may be impacted less by the human construction of roads, houses, etc., the construction of nestboxes might harm them even more if such boxes are not constructed well. It is conceivable that predators, for example snakes or big birds, may be more likely to prey upon chicks who are born in nestboxes than on those who are born inside natural nests that are made entirely by the birds themselves. This must be carefully considered. Children may thus decide to consider various things that they might do to construct better nestboxes, for example making them deeper and reducing the size of the hole. They might also hang them in less conspicious places.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u3057\u304b\u3057\u30013\u3064\u76ee\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u5efa\u3066\u305f\u5bb6\u5c4b\u3084\u5efa\u7269\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u5efa\u3066\u305f\u5de3\u7bb1\u306f\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u9069\u5207\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u304b\u3048\u3063\u3066\u5f7c\u3089\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5bb3\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u86c7\u3084\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9ce5\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u9ce5\u81ea\u8eab\u304c\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u5de3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30d2\u30ca\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u5de3\u7bb1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u751f\u307e\u308c\u305f\u30d2\u30ca\u3092\u6355\u98df\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5341\u5206\u306b\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u306f\u614e\u91cd\u306b\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u306b\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u6df1\u304f\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7a74\u3092\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u3053\u3068\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u3042\u307e\u308a\u76ee\u7acb\u305f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u6240\u306b\u540a\u308b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    However, the final option must also be considered. Perhaps we should help the chicks\u2019 predators even more than the chicks? We might do so by redesigning the nestbox so that they are even more likely to eat the chicks. This might seem like a very cruel option, but it is worthwhile for children to consider that people help the lives of predators in many other ways. For example, people who keep cats may feed the cats meat from animals who have been bred in order to be killed or from animals who have been killed for the purpose of feeding cats, for example fish who swim in the sea and who are caught to be turned into cat food. Similarly, people may breed mealworms to put on bird tables in their gardens, where the mealworms are bred in order to be killed to be put on bird tables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8003\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3072\u3087\u3063\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u30d2\u30ca\u3088\u308a\u3082\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u5929\u6575\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u5de3\u7bb1\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u6355\u98df\u8005\u304c\u30d2\u30ca\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u9ad8\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6b8b\u9177\u306a\u9078\u629e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u6355\u98df\u8005\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3092\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u304c\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u732b\u3092\u98fc\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u732b\u306e\u3048\u3055\u3092\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u98fc\u80b2\u3055\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u7269\u3084\u3001\u6d77\u3067\u6cf3\u3044\u3067\u3044\u305f\u9b5a\u304c\u6355\u7372\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u732b\u306e\u3048\u3055\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6bba\u3055\u308c\u305f\u52d5\u7269\u304b\u3089\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u5ead\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30c9\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306b\u7f6e\u304f\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30ef\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u98fc\u80b2\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30ef\u30fc\u30e0\u3082\u9ce5\u306b\u98df\u3079\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u80b2\u3066\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    I disapprove of these actions. Whilst it may be appropriate to give \u2018obligate carnivores\u2019 (animals who, by natural necessity, must eat other animals in order to survive) the chance to eat other animals, I do not think that it is appropriate to supply them with the meat from other animals or to make it easy for animals to be preyed upon by them in most circumstances. Exceptions to this rule may be situations where the obligate carnivore is from a species that is threatened with extinction or where the obligate carnivore could be fed with the meat from species whose experiences might be quite basic, for example mealworms or maggots. Arguably, their lives may be less valuable than the lives of animals who might be thought to have more complex experiences, for example animals who have (larger) brains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Rather than make it easy for predators to find vulnerable chicks, to avoid unnecessary suffering, it may also be better to kill prey animals quickly in situations where the killing of an animal to feed a predator can be justified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The cultivation of lab-grown meat might also be appropriate to try to help such species. These are animal cells that are extracted from animals whilst they carry on living and that are grown inside petri dishes. The benefit of this relatively new technology, which is still being developed, is that no animals would need to be killed to develop meat in this way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u79c1\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u306f\u8cdb\u6210\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u300c\u771f\u6027\u8089\u98df\u52d5\u7269\u300d\uff08\u751f\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4ed6\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u52d5\u7269\uff09\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u9069\u5207\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u8089\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6355\u98df\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u610f\u56f3\u7684\u306b\u4f5c\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5834\u5408\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u306f\u3001\u7d76\u6ec5\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u7015\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8089\u98df\u52d5\u7269\u3084\u3001\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30ef\u30fc\u30e0\u3084\u30a6\u30b8\u30e0\u30b7\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306a\u611f\u899a\u3057\u304b\u6301\u3063\u3066\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u990c\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30df\u30fc\u30eb\u30ef\u30fc\u30e0\u3084\u30a6\u30b8\u30e0\u30b7\u306a\u3069\u306e\u547d\u306f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u611f\u899a\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8133\u3092\u6301\u3064\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u547d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6355\u98df\u8005\u306e\u990c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u6bba\u5bb3\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6355\u98df\u8005\u304c\u5f31\u3044\u7acb\u5834\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30d2\u30ca\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u82e6\u75db\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7372\u7269\u3068\u306a\u308b\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u7d20\u65e9\u304f\u6bba\u3059\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u57f9\u990a\u8089\u306e\u80b2\u6210\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7a2e\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u57f9\u990a\u8089\u3068\u306f\u3001\u751f\u304d\u305f\u307e\u307e\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u304b\u3089\u63a1\u53d6\u3057\u305f\u7d30\u80de\u3092\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\u30ec\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u57f9\u990a\u3057\u305f\u8089\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6280\u8853\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3060\u958b\u767a\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u8089\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u6bba\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    To conclude, I do not think that it was wrong to build the nestbox as great tits might benefit from our help, given that we have encroached on their natural habitats. If we had not encroached on their natural habitats, it might have been better not to build these boxes, in order to avoid wild animals becoming dependent on our help for their survival. Not building the nestbox would also avoid the risk of the nestbox not being designed well to protect the birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If the children can be reasonably confident that they might be able to rebuild the nestbox so that it may be less likely for any future chicks to be preyed upon, there would be good reason to redesign it. If such confidence would be lacking, it might be better to leave the nestbox as it is, but to consider placing it in an area where any future chicks might be less likely to be preyed upon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3001\u79c1\u306f\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u304c\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u751f\u606f\u5730\u3092\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3057\u305f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306f\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6551\u308f\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u304c\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u81ea\u7136\u306e\u751f\u606f\u5730\u3092\u4fb5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3001\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u304c\u6211\u3005\u306e\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u4f9d\u5b58\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3092\u907f\u3051\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3082\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u4f5c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u305d\u3082\u305d\u3082\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u4f5c\u3089\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u9ce5\u3092\u5341\u5206\u306b\u5b88\u308c\u306a\u3044\u5de3\u7bb1\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306f\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3082\u3057\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u304c\u6355\u98df\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u305b\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u3059\u5341\u5206\u306a\u7406\u7531\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u3082\u3057\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u81ea\u4fe1\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5de3\u7bb1\u306f\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306b\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u3001\u30d2\u30ca\u304c\u6355\u98df\u3055\u308c\u306b\u304f\u3044\u5834\u6240\u3078\u79fb\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The children should also consider how their actions impact on the lives of other animals in other ways. Some children may eat other animals. Could the children be eating other things, for example vegetables and fruits, so that they may not need to consume animals? If they stopped eating animals as well as products derived from the bodies of animals, such as milk, cheese, and eggs, we would no longer need to harm animals, for example by killing them and by taking their milk and eggs, in order to feed ourselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Many people adopt vegan diets now. Whilst these diets are not common in Japan, in many other countries many people have adopted them. People are able to thrive on vegan diets, so the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals is not necessary. Perhaps the time has come for veganism to become more mainstream in Japan as well? The students should also question other ways in which animals are treated in the school, for example the ways in which the alpacas are being handled and the ways in which the turtle is being kept (who may be living in a very unnatural environment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u307e\u305f\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u305f\u3061\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8003\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u3082\u3044\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u3067\u306f\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3044\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u91ce\u83dc\u3084\u679c\u7269\u306a\u3069\u4ed6\u306e\u7269\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f\u3082\u3057\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u725b\u4e73\u3084\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u5375\u306a\u3069\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u8eab\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u305f\u98df\u54c1\u3082\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3084\u3081\u305f\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u50b7\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u6bba\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30df\u30eb\u30af\u3084\u5375\u3092\u596a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8fd1\u5e74\u3067\u306f\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u30ac\u30f3\u98df\u3092\u63a1\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u306f\u307e\u3060\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u56fd\u3067\u306f\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u3059\u3067\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u5165\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u30ac\u30f3\u306e\u98df\u4e8b\u3067\u3082\u5065\u5eb7\u306b\u66ae\u3089\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u6027\u306e\u98df\u4e8b\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3082\u3057\u304b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3067\u3082\u4eca\u5f8c\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u30ac\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u304c\u4e3b\u6d41\u306b\u306a\u308b\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u6765\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5b50\u4f9b\u305f\u3061\u306f\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u3067\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u306e\u6271\u3044\u306b\u3082\u76ee\u3092\u5411\u3051\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d1\u30ab\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u98fc\u80b2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u4e80\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u98fc\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u3068\u5927\u304d\u304f\u304b\u3051\u96e2\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u9053\u5fb3\u6559\u80b2\uff1a\u30b7\u30b8\u30e5\u30a6\u30ab\u30e9\u306e\u30d2\u30ca\u306e\u4fa1\u5024 In 2024, I travelled to Joetsu University of Education, which is associated with an elementary school. In this school, I witnessed a class on moral education, delivered by the teacher Ippei Takahashi. It was a lively class that discussed … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2016,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2016"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=133"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":142,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/133\/revisions\/142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/jandeckers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}