{"id":568,"date":"2016-09-20T15:19:19","date_gmt":"2016-09-20T14:19:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/?p=568"},"modified":"2016-09-20T15:19:58","modified_gmt":"2016-09-20T14:19:58","slug":"rethinking-a-national-curriculum-and-finding-space-for-the-local","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/rethinking-a-national-curriculum-and-finding-space-for-the-local\/","title":{"rendered":"Rethinking a National Curriculum and finding space for the local"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>On 14 July 2016, the Prime Minister Theresa May announced her new Cabinet, following a significant reshuffle and re-structure of Government.\u00a0In this context,\u00a0researchers from all over Newcastle University\u00a0express their thoughts on the challenges and opportunities for the Government in the Ideas for May\u2019s Ministers blog series, considering how individuals, communities and societies can thrive in times of rapid, transformational change. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncl.ac.uk\/ecls\/staff\/profile\/david.leat\">Professor David Leat<\/a>\u00a0is Professor of Curriculum Innovation in Newcastle University, and he directs his Idea to Justine Greening.<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><strong>From: Professor David Leat, Newcastle School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences<br \/>\nTo: Justine Greening, Secretary of State for Education<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the principles of a nation having a National Curriculum is that pupils can move from school to school with some continuity in their education. There is the added attraction to policy makers that they have more control over schools.\u00a0 However, the <strong>social and economic turmoil<\/strong> of the last ten years has moved the political goalposts as both radical right and left wing movements have proved attractive to many who feel that they have been left behind as <strong>social inequality<\/strong> grows.\u00a0 Political elites are rethinking and renegotiating the relationship between the nation and its component parts \u2013 regions, cities and communities.\u00a0 In England, we need our government to give the message to schools and teachers that they should be using \u2018the <strong>local\u2019<\/strong> as one of the building blocks of the curriculum to put meaning back into learning.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-569\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Community Curriculum\" width=\"584\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/files\/2016\/09\/David-Leat-curriculum.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Successive governments, however, have learned that exerting control by detailed specification of \u00a0curriculum content has a considerable downside.\u00a0 They are open to attack from many quarters about too much content or the wrong content. As a result, they have shifted from \u2018input regulation\u2019 or the specification of content as a means of control, to \u2018output regulation\u2019 or the setting of <strong>exam targets<\/strong> as a means of control. The targets-related data has had the added incentive of helping to marketise education as it provides a means of comparing schools and \u2018driving up standards\u2019.\u00a0 However, there are signs of considerable <strong>collateral damage<\/strong> from this policy fix:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Teachers <strong>teach to the test<\/strong> and can lose sight of any wider purpose to education \u2013 a message which pupils internalise as education becomes a steeplechase of exam hurdles. This is a dangerous context for adolescent mental health and learning to learn.<\/li>\n<li>Teachers are de-professionalised as their role is restricted to delivering content. Teachers who do not develop their own curriculum <strong>do NOT develop ownership<\/strong> of the curriculum. It is hardly surprising that so many teachers are leaving the profession. The National Union of Teachers data shows that <strong>50,000 teachers<\/strong> (11% of the workforce) left the profession in 2015.<\/li>\n<li>Young people are <strong>poorly prepared<\/strong> for further and higher education and indeed for the labour market as demonstrated by the Independent Advisory Group report (Anderson, 2014) commissioned by Pearsons Publishing<\/li>\n<li>It tends to make schools look towards the DfE and Ofsted for all their cues and not to their <strong>locality<\/strong> and its resources. It is astonishing just how many organisations, businesses and individuals want to help shape the lives of young people and society in the most positive ways \u2013 but few get the chance.<\/li>\n<li>As a consequence <em>engagement<\/em> is a serious issue. Across the developed world, there is strong evidence that pupils begin to lose interest in school work from the middle of primary school, even for many who are successful in the exam system (see for example Berliner, 2011). One of the reasons is that the curriculum <strong>lacks meaning<\/strong> for them, and they find precious few connections to their lives, despite the best efforts of dedicated teachers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>There are some real advantages in having a <strong>locality and community dimension<\/strong> to the curriculum, especially if there is a strong focus, through demanding projects, of going places, meeting people and making and doing things.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Horizons are broadened as pupils encounter people who have interesting jobs (not just professional jobs) and life histories \u2013 providing both <strong>role models<\/strong> and powerful raw material for developing their own identities.\u00a0 Pupils can take real pride and find meaning in the things that they make and do, both for and with the community.\u00a0 It should also be remembered that <strong>digital technology<\/strong> is changing the learning landscape as it provides the power to access, analyse and present information and understanding to a wide range of audiences through a variety of media.\u00a0 A local dimension to the curriculum can provide an element of <strong>service learning<\/strong> in which young people are given responsibility and make a contribution. Some of these principles are elucidated in the work of Mimi Ito and colleagues (see <a href=\"http:\/\/clrn.dmlhub.net\/\"><u>http:\/\/clrn.dmlhub.net\/<\/u><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Gemma Parker, a Newcastle University doctoral student, has found that many more recently qualified teachers have no conception of curriculum, equating it to schemes of work or a yearly plan, usually \u2018given\u2019 to them to teach. Generally, they do not see themselves as having a role in curriculum development, which undermines their professional standing.<\/p>\n<p>In the last 30 years the voices of government, of ministers, of the DfE and of Ofsted have become the dominant ones for teachers, and their vocabulary around \u2018standards\u2019 and \u2018targets\u2019 is repeated and relayed by senior leaders in school \u2013 ultimately this cramps thinking about what curriculum is possible in school. We need government to use <strong>different words<\/strong>, in order to give permission to teachers to take up the opportunities for demanding curriculum projects in their communities, localities and through digital technology. Teachers need to hear that voice.<\/p>\n<p>We need good professional training and support so that there is <strong>rigour and challenge<\/strong> in community generated curriculums. In particular, many teachers will need to learn about the process of curriculum development, how best to work with community partners, how to find the balance between guiding work and allowing pupils to take greater responsibility for the pace and direction of their work, how to harness digital technology to its fullest and how to map projects back to important subject questions, methods, concepts and principles.<\/p>\n<p>All across the world there are serious questions being asked about <strong>exam driven education<\/strong>. In response, there are also numerous organisations promoting and developing enquiry and project based learning and competence-based approaches.\u00a0 These include the International Baccalaureate (IB), Expeditionary Schools, Connected Learning, Self Organised Learning Environments (SOLEs), the Partnership for C21st Skills and Opening Minds.\u00a0 England could position itself as a world leader in educational practice if it embraced the principle of schools developing much of their curriculum through the medium of high quality locally generated and resourced projects.<\/p>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p>Anderson, R. (2014) Careers 2020: Making Education Work, London: Pearson.<\/p>\n<p>Berliner, D. (2011) Rational responses to high stakes testing: the case of curriculum narrowing and the harm that follows, Cambridge Journal of Education, 41:3, 287-302.<\/p>\n<p><em>To engage in the conversation, tweet @Social_Renewal #IdeasforMaysMinisters<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 14 July 2016, the Prime Minister Theresa May announced her new Cabinet, following a significant reshuffle and re-structure of Government.\u00a0In this context,\u00a0researchers from all over Newcastle University\u00a0express their thoughts on the challenges and opportunities for the Government in the &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/rethinking-a-national-curriculum-and-finding-space-for-the-local\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5813,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"quote","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[255,1],"tags":[270,81,124,271,269,268,77,184],"class_list":["post-568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-quote","hentry","category-ideas-for-mays-ministers","category-uncategorized","tag-children-and-young-people","tag-community","tag-curriculum","tag-justine-greening","tag-local-education","tag-mays-ministers","tag-policy","tag-schools","post_format-post-format-quote"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5813"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":570,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/568\/revisions\/570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/nisr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}