{"id":633,"date":"2019-10-30T11:50:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-30T11:50:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/?p=633"},"modified":"2019-10-30T11:50:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T11:50:42","slug":"the-production-of-early-printed-books","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/2019\/10\/30\/the-production-of-early-printed-books\/","title":{"rendered":"The Production of Early Printed Books"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p> The production of early printed books is almost unrecognisable from the printing process of today.\u00a0 Printing was an artisan skill as there was not the large scale production methods that are commonplace in the modern industry.\u00a0 Books were printed sheet by sheet, rather than page by page and then these sheets were folded to form the book.  The less times a sheet was folded, the more expensive the book was.\u00a0 Folios, where the sheet was folded in half, were therefore the most expensive and quartos &#8211; a sheet folded four times &#8211; were cheaper.  Books were printed on the Gutenberg Press with movable type, which was designed by Gutenberg (surprisingly enough) in the 15th Century but brought to England by William Caxton.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The printing of books was paid for by publishers.\u00a0 Printers, who manufactured the physical book and stationers, who bind the pages and sell them to customers, were all instructed by the publishers, who would pay an author roughly \u00a32 for a manuscript.\u00a0 All of these  professions had to belong to the Stationer\u2019s Company, which the publisher paid a licensing fee for each text.  The publisher also had to provide the printer with the paper and pay for a first run of 200 copies &#8211; an expensive business!\u00a0 They then sold unbound copies directly to customers and stationers.  Because they paid for this whole process, publishers determined the content of title pages, e.g. the advertising feature of the book.\u00a0 They sometimes wrote dedications and commissioned dedicatory verses for their author. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/vuQUiCOUn24Hq8jVStVeMM7_hAjFPwTLUH-TlOiYL0t9lTrev3SFsXVb1ciU1IV5hVhPWhN1nTRf4kwZK_JP8TzHpmEq6ESOUi8MIqHuBiSX6Y_DmNVPhRhjLb2VkDk75I5dTJB9\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0From the front cover we are provided with basic information about the book. We learn that the text is John Harrington\u2019s translation of Ariostos Orlando Furioso, which was published in 1634. We also get an insight into that form, as it states that it is written in English, heroical verse. The cover states that it is \u201cPrinted in London by G. Miller for J Parker,\u201d so we can understand that the printer was G. Miller and J. Parker was the publisher. It also states that it is \u201cThirdly Revised,\u201d so we know that it is the third edition. Upon further research, we found that the editions were published in 1591, 1607, 1634. All three editions were dedicated to Queen Elizabeth the first, because she was his patron.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The intricate illustrations show that there are clear classical and divine themes to Orlando\u2019s Furioso, with the inclusion of Gods, cherubs and angels around the two figures. The way the two figures are positioned and the inclusion of what appears to be Cupid suggests the romance element to the narrative. There is a large illustration of Ariosto, showing that this is his original work and that this text is Harington\u2019s English translation. The quite dominating illustration of John Harrington presents his want for authorship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further research on Early English Books Online proved that the title page was engraved, as were illustrations, with copper rather than wood &#8211; this would result in better quality, more intricate, more impressive illustrations with perspective and shading, which in turn would make it a more expensive text to buy. There also proved to be 142 copies of all 3 copies in existence, suggested it was a popular text as there still remains multiple copies across numerous countries\u2019 and cities\u2019 archives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It would also seems that the only other surviving text Harington wrote was the \u2018Metamorphosis of Ajax\u2019, and paratexts of that such as \u2018Apologie for Ajax\u2019. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phoebe, Holly, Pearl, Charlotte<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The production of early printed books is almost unrecognisable from the printing process of today.\u00a0 Printing was an artisan skill as there was not the large scale production methods that are commonplace in the modern industry.\u00a0 Books were printed sheet by sheet, rather than page by page and then these sheets were folded to form &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/2019\/10\/30\/the-production-of-early-printed-books\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Production of Early Printed Books<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8322,"featured_media":636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorised"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8322"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":637,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/633\/revisions\/637"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.ncl.ac.uk\/shakespeare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}