We’re excited to share that the Ballast Hills Burial Ground project has been featured in a recent BBC North East article! Yesterday, I had the opportunity to speak with BBC NE about our upcoming survey work at the site, discussing our goals for unearthing the rich history and cultural significance of this unique burial ground.
The article highlights our commitment to exploring diverse burial practices and preserving the stories that make Ballast Hills such an important part of our local heritage. This coverage offers a wonderful opportunity to connect with an even wider audience, and we are grateful to BBC NE for helping to shine a light on the project
Do you have a connection to Ballast Hills Burial Ground (BHBG) or an interest in its rich history within the Byker and Ouseburn area or are your ancestor's buried there?
Whether you’re linked to BHBG’s past, concerned for its future, or simply fascinated by its story, we’d love to hear from you. The BHBG Project, led by Newcastle University, is gathering input from those who care about this historic site and invite you to help shape its future.
If you’re interested, please take a moment to complete a short two-question survey here. Your input is vital in helping us connect with others who share an interest in BHBG, and the more voices we hear, the better!
Your feedback will play a key role in guiding our next steps, and we encourage you to share your ideas or get involved. This public engagement and research scoping project is funded by the AHRC’s Curiosity Award (July 2024–December 2025), supporting our work to connect with communities and explore new ways of understanding and preserving the site.
As part of the Ballast Hills Burial Ground (BHBG) project, we are exploring how people perceive and use burial spaces, with a focus on BHBG. However, you don’t need to be familiar with BHBG or live nearby to contribute—your insights are invaluable in helping us understand the broader significance of burial spaces and inform future engagment activities.
How You Can Help:
Take the Survey: Scan the QR code or use this link to participate. It takes about 15 minutes. It closes on 21 September 2024.
Share It: Please share this post to anyone who might be interested. Feel free to post it on your communication channels or office bulletin board, too
Thank you for your time and input! If you have any questions or need further information, send us an email at ballast.hills@newcastle.ac.uk.
The 10th Nordic Geographers Meeting, held at the University of Copenhagen from 24 to 27 June 2024, focused on the theme “Transitioning Geographies,” addressing global changes and strategies for equitable transitions. This international conference, organized by the Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, attracted approximately 430 attendees with six concurrent sessions over three days.
A presentation on the Ballast Hills Burial Ground (BHBG) project made by Myra Giesen was featured in the session titled “The cultural renegotiation of urban cemeteries and graveyards: multi-functional spaces of death, sacredness, recreation, and ecosystem services.” Organized by Johanna Adolfsson (Stockholm University), Sara Borgström (Royal Institute of Technology), and Annika Dahlberg (Stockholm University), the session included a diverse lineup of speakers, including Julie Roussett (University Gustave Eiffel – Lab’URBA), Avril Maddrell (University of Reading), Helena Nordh (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Johanna Adolfsson and Myra. The discussions covered a broad spectrum of issues related to burial sites, offering rich opportunities for networking and collaboration relevant to the BHBG project.
This session facilitated discussions on a wide range of issues related to burial sites, providing an intimate and engaging environment for exchange. The presentation elevated the BHBG project’s profile, connected it with researchers in similar fields, and expanded its professional network.
As a result of this exposure, the BHBG project is now recognized as an active research initiative within The Cemetery Research Group, enhancing its visibility and collaboration opportunities.
Acknowledgment is extended to the School of Education, Communication, and Language Sciences Research Committee, Newcastle University, for partially funding this conference attendance.
Are you ready to embark on a journey of discovery and contribute to the vibrant history and heritage of Newcastle? Look no further than Ballast Hill Burial Ground (BHBG). This post introduces the fascinating history of this little-known historic site and its significance. But that’s not all—at the end, it guides you on how to actively get involved in its reawakening. Join us as we embark on a journey to honour the past and shape the future of BHBG. Act now and be a part of something truly meaningful!
Background
BHBG is a historic green space located within the Lower Ouseburn ValleyConservation Area in Newcastle. Its history is BHBG is mostly a forgotten one. This unconsecrated burial site, also known as Plaguey Fields or Grannies Park, was primarily used by dissenters of the Anglican church (e.g., Protestant, Quaker, Baptist, and Methodist immigrants), the poor from all denominations, and paupers. It also is the final resting place of plaque and cholera victims.
Today, BHBG is owned by the Newcastle City Council and is the site of one of the largest UK non-conformist burial grounds outside of London. On Tyne and Wear’s Historic Environmental Record sitelines, the site is referred to as Ballast Hills Graveyard and is assigned the Historic Environment Records (HERs) number 1597, It is noted as a post-medieval religious ritual and funerary site.
Evidence suggests that burials at BHBG started in the early 1600s, although the oldest recorded gravestone was dated to 1708 in 1864. Some believe the burial site was initially used by Scottish emigrants. BHBG featured in local debates over overcrowding and sanitary reform. In 1785, the Common Council received a petition to build a wall around the burials, preventing animals and grave robbers from disturbing the graves and to include the sexton.
Body Snatching
Body snatching became a significant issue in the 19th century in the United Kingdom, demanding attention towards the upkeep of burial grounds. Resurrectionists, as they were commonly called, would unlawfully open coffins to pilfer valuable items and take the corpses themselves. This practice was prevalent across the country due to the profitable trade in selling dead bodies to medical schools and their students.
Despite being illegal and highly criticised, incidents of body snatching persisted, with notable cases documented in Newcastle, particularly in Ballast Hills. An article from in the Newcastle Courant (19 January 1829) reported the discovery of the remains of Elizabeth Mills, a seven-year-old girl, at the coach office just a day after her burial at Ballast Hills. The article described how the grave had been meticulously resealed, making it nearly impossible to detect any disturbance. The burial clothes were intact, but the coffin lid had been broken.
Body Counts
BHBG in Newcastle had more interred bodies than all the churchyards in the city combined, with an average of 599 interments annually from 1820 to 1825. The Corporation of Newcastle upon Tyne received a sixpence for each burial (Richardson 1846). In 1824, out of the 1454 burials in Newcastle, 805 were at BHBG.
Burials in Newcastle burial grounds, 1820 to 1825 (modified from Rugg 1992: 38)
Burial Ground
Size in ~acres
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
Ballast Hills
1.5
542
527
556
523
805
624
All Saints
.08
100
106
103
135
149
111
St John’s
.08
143
144
177
149
193
168
St Nicholas
.05
59
65
56
68
72
82
St Andrew’s
—
139
223
140
135
235
189
Mckenzie (1827:408) reported “the burial-place was formally much larger; for houses have been built, and glass-house cinders poured over the graves of many who had been interred without the present enclosed grounds.” Richardson (1838) suggests that BHBG covered about three acres.
According to the Henzell report (Newcastle City Council 1883:43), roughly 16,000 people were buried at BHBG from 1794 to 1825. By the mid-1850s, all the churchyards in the town were closed due to the unsanitary conditions caused by cholera deaths. BHBG formally closed in 1853, with Westgate Hill Cemetery replacing it as a burial place. The total estimated number buried exceeds 37,000 people.
Written in Stone
In 1817, John Bell, the Gateshead Surveyor and antiquarian, finished the transcription of 621 gravestones at BHBG (Bell 1817). In 1903, 920 gravestones were reported in BHBG, of which 108 were weathered and unreadable; they were arranged regularly in 39 lines (Chadwick & Dodds 1904). The gravestone inscriptions provide insight into the occupations of the buried individuals, such as blacksmiths, bottlemakers, cabinetmakers, and shipwrights, among others (Morgan 2004).
Despite once being described as a place “crowded with the dead” (Newcastle Courant 1829), this area is now a small and underutilized greenspace with few reminders of its past, aside from the gravestone pathway and an interpretive sign. It serves as a contemplative space for reflecting on the temporary nature of life and death, and the removal and replacement of headstones highlight how markers and memories may not last forever. Since, making it easy to forget that this peaceful green space is the final resting place of thousands of people.
Change in Use
In addition to being the location of the burial ground and as the name suggests, the area is known for great heaps of ballast. Ballast is a dense heavy material, i.e., clay, rocks, carried in ships to maintain stability when not caring cargo. Once ships arrived on the Tyne to take away coal and other cargo, the ballast would be left behind. The practice of shifting the ballast was recorded in 1649 with the quote, ‘Below east, is Ballast Hill, where women upon their heads carried ballist, which was taken forth of small ships which came empty for coales…’ (Crawhall and Gray 1884: 95).
In 1884, the Mayor of Newcastle opened BHBG as an ornamental garden intended for the use and benefit of local residents, following concerns raised by Councillor Henzell to the Town Council. The Council instructed that the site be developed with walkways and planted with trees, shrubs, and flowers to create a public space. Under the guidance of city engineer Mr. Laws, the area was transformed while preserving the gravestones, with accumulated debris cleared away.
In 1930, the site was turned into a playground that remains an open space today. Some headstones were used as flagging for a pathway, while others were relocated. Due to erosion and wear, only a few inscriptions are still decipherable on the gravestones. Although the site is mostly the final resting place of ordinary people, a few notable individuals, such as Robert Gilchrist and Margaret Angus, are also buried there.
The Awakening
This forgotten place in the Ouseburn Valley is now being awakened. Researchers from Newcastle University are exploring project ideas focused on BHBG to stimulate involvement and innovation, funded by the Faculty of Humanities and Social Science through its Pioneer Award Scheme. The goal is to explore and co-develop potential activities surrounding BHBG involving community engagement and student involvement, while expanding links between academia and the wider community.
The potential for project themes is extensive and, to a certain extent, constrained only by one’s imagination, ranging from heritage, volunteerism, the arts, archaeology, burial practices, history, archives, education, conservation, religion, social policies/injustices, and health and disease. Connecting with one’s past through family connections or links to a special place gives meaning to our lives, strengthens resilience, and contributes to our well-being. These initiatives are promising steps towards preserving the heritage of the Ouseburn Valley, while promoting community involvement in the process.
If you are interested in learning more about the BHBG Project or signing up to receive the BHBG newsletter, then email the BHBG Project team.
List of References
Bell J (1817) Newcastle, Ballast Hills Burial Ground, Grave Stones (1817). Northumberland and Durham Family History Society, Newcastle: AI-B147; Newcastle City Library: L929.3 N536 (microfiches).
Chadwick J & Dodds E (1904) Inscriptions inBallast Hills Burial Ground, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1904. Complied and Indexed by Joseph Chadwick & Edwin Dodds. Northumberland and Durham Family History Society, Newcastle: AI-BMF139 and AI-NBL098; Newcastle City Library: microfiche.
Crawhall J & Grey W (1649) Chorographia, or a survey of Newcastle Upon Tyne: 1649. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom: Andrew Reid.
Morgan A (2004) Beyond the Grave – Exploring Newcastle’s Burial Grounds, Tyne Bridge Publishing, pages 129-132.
Newcastle City Council (1883) Proceedings of the Council of the City and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Richardson MA (1838) Richardson’s descriptive Companion through Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead … To which is prefixed an Inquiry into the origin of the primitive Britons. United Kingdom: MA Richardson.
Rugg J (1992) The rise of cemetery companies in Britain, 1820-53. PhD Thesis, University of Stirling.
Newcastle Courant (1829 November 14) No title.
Newcastle Courant (1829 October 24) Rev R. Pengilly’s address to the assembled at the first interment of Westgate Hill Cemetery, p. 2.
