Author: Graeme Redshaw-Boxwell

As well as helping learners who are hard of hearing.  Captions and transcripts also help:

• non-native speakers
• people accessing resources on limited bandwidth
• those without soundcards or headphones
• people who prefer to read and annotate text

In this activity we’d like to show you how to add subtitles to a video on YouTube.  You’ll need a video, a script and a google account.

Feel free to use the following example files that we used in the Nutela session.

• Video: transcripts and subtitles (right click and selectvideoscript save as)
• the videoscript (right click and select save as)

Sign into YouTube with your own google account

• Upload the video to YouTube (look for the upload button in the top right), and click Publish when it is done
• Click on the Video manager button

• Click the drop down next to the video and select “Subtitles & CC”

• Next click “Add new subtitles or CC”

• The method we will use here is “Transcribe and auto-sync” as this will automatically set the timings of the text:

• Paste your text into the text box and then click “Set timings”

You will now see an option under “My Drafts”.

• Wait 30 seconds or so and then click the refresh button:

Now you can check that it has aligned it correctly by listening to the video and make any changes.

• To adjust the timings click on the phrase you wish to change and then drag the blue tabs:

• Once you are happy with the words, punctuation and timings click “Publish edits”

You should see the following video, click on the CC button to view the captions.

(Our demo video is about how we generate subtitles when we don’t have a script.)

YouTube also has a function which automatically generates subtitles

If you don’t have a script for your video you may be able to make use of the automatic subtitles which YouTube adds to all videos.

• In Subtitles & CC, instead of adding new subtitles you need to select “English (Automatic)”

• Listen to the full video to check if the text is correct and make any changes.
• Once you are happy with the words, punctuation and timings click “Publish edits”

[Huge thanks to Eleanor Lockhart for preparing these instructions and screenshots for the hands-on session.]

Imagine that a 20 page PDF arrives in your mailbox.

• How do you go about reading it?
  Do you skim it? check for a table of contents or look for an abstract or executive summary?

There are a few things that document authors can do to make a PDF more useable.

Top of my list would be:

1. Make sure that the pdf itself contains text, not just pictures of text – your readers may wish to annotate it, copy relevant portions and highlight key ideas.
2. Add some structure to guide the reader, headings and bullets.
3. Think about readers who may be using text to speech to listen to the document – check that it has a sensible reading order.
4. Have a think about how whether the document would make sense if any pictures or diagrams were removed.

Let’s explore these with a few examples.

Note: For the PDF examples in this post, you’ll need to download these to a folder on your PC, navigate to the folder and open them with Adobe Reader.  We want to make use of  a few features in Adobe Reader and don’t want to open them in a browser.

Is it text or a picture of text?

You can quickly work out whether a pdf has any text in it, or just contains images of words by

• trying to select text using the cursor
• listening to the pdf using “Read out Loud”

Try this:

• Right click on the file below, opt to save it and open it with Adobe Reader:
  v1-musings-printed-to-pdf

• selecting some of the text – you won’t be able to!
• In Adobe Reader select View then Read Out Loud and click Activate Read Out Loud
• Once Read Out Loud is active click anywhere on the pdf – it will only read the page numbers.

In comparison try the same things with a version containing text.
v2-musings-text-only

Does it have discoverable structure?

You’ll have seen Version 2 is a bit better.  It has text, and there look to be some headings.

The downside is that the headings have been created by making the text bold, not by marking them as headings.  As a consequence we don’t see anything at all in the page navigation.

Let’s look at V3: v3-musings-with-headings

This one has bookmarks, so I can see the structure.

This is only a short example, but imagine if it was longer!  The heading structure shown in the bookmarks would really help me understand the flow of the document and revisit pertinent sections once i had read it.

If you are making your own pdfs from Word documents it’s easy to add these bookmarks in.

Adding Structure to your Word/PDF documents

Next: we’ll ask you to create a word document, add headings and save it to a PDF.

• Start Microsoft Word
• Type out headings for a short report (you could use “Introduction”, “method”, “results”, “discussion”) and add some dummy text beneath each of these “fjkfjkdfjsj…etc”
• Put the cursor on each of the headings and click on the Ribbon to make each of these a heading

Your document should look something like this:

• Click File/Save As and in “Save as type” choose PDF
• Click Options

• Make sure “Create bookmarks using Headings” is selected.

Save and open your PDF – you should see the headings as bookmarks.

Check the Reading Order

If you are reading through the documents using a screen reader or text to speech programme the reading order is vital.

If you generate pdfs from Word the reading order is normally OK, but floating text boxes rarely end up being read in a sensible place.  However, the reading order on some pdfs that have been designed for print can be disasterous!

Here’s a really bad example:  v4-newsletter-example

• turn on Read Out Loud and listen to this – what has gone wrong?
• Use right arrow key to move through the document – you’ll see that it moves across the columns indicating a dodgy reading order.

Fixing this kind of problem can be time consuming.  You can get someway with Adobe Acrobat Pro (Touch up Reading Order), but a better approach is often to go back to the original author.

Finally, does it need to be a pdf?

By definition PDFs are designed to be printed.  If people want to increase the font size the only way they can do it is by zooming the document, and they will loose information off the side of the screen.

In contrast if the same information is on a Word document or a Web page this can be zoomed much more easily.  (Try Word’s Web layout), and although PDFs can be annotated in Adobe Reader and other tools, many students would prefer to edit a standard document.

Also, think carefully before you add passwords to prevent editing, copying and annotating – these can really impact useability.

Try annotating v3-musings-with-headings if you want to see how frustrating it is.

NUTELA hope that you are able to join us for the next Pizza, Pop and Practice. This time we are focusing on flipped classrooms.

The event takes place on the 20^th of May from 12pm until 2pm in the Committee Room at the Robinson Library.

In the sessions we will explore:

• What is a “flipped classroom”?
• View flipped classroom examples from Newcastle University
• Find out student feedback from flipped classroom activity
• Learn about any barriers you may face, and the best way to overcome these
• Hear about lessons learned from colleagues using flipped classroom techniques

To book your place fill out a registration form.